AZERBAIJANI, SOUTH (Iran)
- Country
- Iran
- Language code
- AZB
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Alternate language names
- AZERI
- Dialect names
- AYNALLU (INALLU, INANLU), KARAPA- PAKH, TABRIZ, AFSHARI
(AFSHAR, AFSAR), SHAHSAVANI (SHAHSEVEN), MOQADDAM, BAHARLU (KAMESH), NAFAR,
QARAGOZLU, PISHAGCHI, BAYAT, QAJAR
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani
- Geographical region
- East and west Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and part of central
provinces. Many in a few districts of Tehran. Some Azerbaijani-speaking
groups are in Fars Pro- vince and other parts of Iran. Also in Jordan and
USA
- Population
- 13,000,000 or more in Iran (1991), over 20% of the population
(1991), including 290,000 Afshar, 5,000 Aynallu, 7,500 Baharlu, 1,000 Moqaddam,
3,500 Nafar 1,000 Pishagchi, 3,000 Qajar, 2,000 Qaragozlu, 65,000 Shahsav-
ani (1978 MARC); 5,000 or fewer in Afghanistan; 300,000 to 900,000 or more
inIraq; 30,000 in Syria (1961); 530,000 or more in Turkey; 13,865,000 total
or more
- Status
- Work in progress
- Remarks
- People called 'Turki' (Turks). In gene- ral not written,
but occasionally with Arabo-Persian script in Iran. Distinctive dialect
differences between the Azerbaijani of the former USSR (North) and Iranian
Azerbaijani (South) in phonology, lexicon, morphology, and syntax. Teimurtash
(7,000 in Mazandaran; possibly the same as Teimuri, Timuri, Taimouri) and
Salchug (in Kerman Province) may be dialects. Qashqai is probably a dialect
- Subsistence type
- Agriculturalists, pastoralists
- Total speakers
- 13,865,000
- Religion
- Shi'a Muslim
- Also in
- Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Jor- dan, USA
AZERBAIJANI, NORTH (Azerbaijan)
- Country
- Azerbaijan
- Language code
- AZE
- Continent
- Europe
- Alternate language names
- AZERBAIJAN, AZERI TURK, TURKLER, AZERBAYDZHANI
- Dialect names
- KUBA, DERBENT, BAKU, SEMAKHA, SALIANY, LENKORAN, KAZAKH,
AIRYM, BORCALA, TEREKEME, KYZYLBASH, NUKHA, ZAKATALY (MUGALY), KUTKASEN,
EREVAN, NAKHICHEVAN, ORDUBAD, KIROVABAD, SUSA (KARABAKH), KARAPAPAK
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani
- Geographical region
- Azerbaijan, and southern Dagestan, along the Caspian
coast and beyond the Caucasian Mts
- Population
- 6,791,106 in Azerbaijan and Russia (1989 census), 98%
speak it as mother tongue, 4,000,000 are monolingual
- Bible printings
- 1891
- New Testament printings
- 1878-1982
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1842-1891
- National language
- Yes
- Remarks
- High literacy rate. Cyrillic script is used in Azerbaijan.
Used in schools, publications, radio. Significant differences from South
Azerbaijani in phonology, lexicon, morphology, and syntax
- Radio use
- Yes
- Religion
- Shi'a Muslim
- Total speakers
- 6,791,000
- Also in
- Russia (Europe)
BALKAN GAGAUZ TURKISH (Turkey)
- Country
- Turkey
- Language code
- BGX
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Alternate language names
- BALKAN TURKIC
- Dialect names
- GAJOL, GERLOVO TURKS, KARAMANLI, KYZYL-BASH, MACEDONIAN
GAGAUZ, SURGUCH, TOZLUK TURKS, YURUK (KONYAR)
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish
- Geographical region
- Yuruk dialect in Macedonia (Greece or Yugoslavia)
- Population
- 11,000, including 7,000 Surguch in Turkey (1965); 4,000
Macedonian Gagauz
- Status
- Needs survey
- Remarks
- Distinct from Gagauz of Moldova, Bulga- ria, and Romania
- Total speakers
- 11,000 or more
- Religion
- Muslim
GAGAUZ (Moldova)
- Country
- Moldova
- Language code
- GAG
- Continent
- Europe
- Alternate language names
- GAGAUZI
- Dialect names
- BULGAR GAGAUZI, MARITIME GAGAUZI
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish
- Geographical region
- Cultural center is Kishinev. Some also in Ukraine, Kazakhstan,
and Romania
- Population
- 173,000 in Moldova (1979 census), 89% speak it as mother
tongue; 12,000 in Bulgaria (1982 estimate); 185,000 total or more
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1927-1935
- Status
- Work in progress
- Remarks
- Has literary status. Cyrillic script introduced in 1957.
Close to Turkish, but uses Russian Orthodox Christian religious vocabulary
in contrast to the Islamic vocabulary of Turkish
- Total speakers
- 185,000 or more
- Religion
- Christian
- Also in
- Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Kazakhstan
KHALAJ (Iran)
- Country
- Iran
- Language code
- KLJ
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani
- Geographical region
- Northeast of Arak in Central Province
- Population
- 17,000 and decreasing (1968)
- Bilingual in
- Farsi
- Status
- Needs survey
- Remarks
- Not a dialect of Azerbaijani, as previ- ously supposed.
An independent language distinct from other extant Turkish languages (Doerfer
1971). Most are bilingual in Farsi; some children know only Farsi
- Total speakers
- 17,000 or fewer
- Religion
- Muslim
KHORASANI TURKISH (Iran)
- Country
- Iran
- Language code
- KMZ
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Alternate language names
- QUCHANI
- Dialect names
- WEST QUCHANI (NORTHWEST QUCHANI), NORTH QUCHANI(NORTHEAST
QUCHANI), SOUTH QUCHANI
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish
- Geographical region
- Northeast Iran, in the northern part of Khorasan Province,
especially northwest of Mashhad. West dialect in Bojnurd region; north
dialect in Quchan region (probably the largest), south dialect around Soltanabad
near Sabzevar
- Population
- 400,000 possibly (1977 Doerfer)
- Bilingual in
- Farsi
- Status
- Needs survey
- Remarks
- Midway linguistically between Azerbaija- ni and Turkmen,
but not a dialect of either. Bilingual in Farsi. Not a literary language,
but the government broadcasts in Quchani. Oghuz-Uzbek in Uzbekistan is
reported to be a dialect of this. Distinct from Khorasani, a local Persian
dialect in Khorasan
- Total speakers
- 400,000 possibly
- Religion
- Muslim
QASHQAI (Iran)
- Country
- Iran
- Language code
- QSQ
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Alternate language names
- QASHQA'I, QASHQAY, KASHKAI
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani
- Geographical region
- Southern Iran, Fars Provin- ce; southern part in winter,
northern in summer
- Population
- 200,000 (1982 estimate)
- Bilingual in
- Farsi
- Status
- Needs survey
- Remarks
- Very close to Azerbaijani. Nomadic. Many are bilingual
in Farsi and can read it well
- Subsistence type
- Rug weavers
- Total speakers
- 200,000
- Religion
- Shi'a Muslim 100%
SALCHUQ (Iran)
- Country
- Iran
- Language code
- SLQ
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani
- Status
- Needs survey
- Remarks
- Probably a dialect of Azerbaijani
- Religion
- Muslim
TURKMEN (Turkmenistan)
- Country
- Turkmenistan
- Language code
- TCK
- Continent
- Asia
- Alternate language names
- TURKOMANS, TURKMENLER, TURKMA- NIAN, TRUKHMEN, TRUKHMENY,
TURKMANI
- Dialect names
- NOKHURLI, ANAULI, KHASARLI, NERE- ZIM, YOMUD, TEKE (TEKKE),
GOKLEN, SALYR, SARYQ, ESARI, CAVDUR
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkmenian
- Geographical region
- Turkmenistan. Also in Uzbek- istan, Pakistan, USA, and
Germany
- Population
- 2,028,000 in Turkmenistan (1979 census), 99% speak it
as mother tongue; 721,600 in Iran (1986); 380,000 in Afghanistan (1983);
925 in Turkey (1982); 3,131,000 total
- Bilingual in
- Russian
- New Testament printings
- in press (1988)
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1880-1982
- Remarks
- The literary language is based on the dialect of the
Yomuts; some dialects differ sharply from it. Strong literary traditi-
on. Cyrillic script used in Turkmenistan. 25.4% claim a good knowledge
of Russian. Radio broadcasts in Turkmen in Turkmenistan and Iran. The so-called
'Turkmen' in Syria, and possibly Iraq, and Jordan, actually speak Azerbaijani;
so-called 'Turkmen' in Tibet may speak a different Turkic language
- Geological type
- Black sand desert, narrow oases
- Subsistence type
- Agriculturalists: cotton; stock breeders: sheep; carpet
weavers; traditionally pastoralists: sheep
- Radio use
- Yes
- Total speakers
- 3,131,000
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim
- Also in
- Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Germany, USA, Uzbekistan
TURKISH (Turkey)
- Country
- Turkiye
- Language code
- TRK
- Continent
- Southwest Asia
- Alternate language names
- ANATOLIAN
- Dialect names
- DANUBIAN, ESKISEHIR, RAZGRAD, DINLER, RUMELIAN, KARAMANLI,
EDIRNE, GAZIANTEP, URFA
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish
- Population
- 46,278,000 in Turkey, 90% of the population (1987); 845,550
in Bulgaria (1986); 37,000 in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrghyzstan, Tajikistan,
Azerbaijan (1979 estimate); 120,000 in Cyprus; 128,380 in Greece (1976
WA); 63,600 in Belgium (1984 Time); 1,552,300 in Germany (1984 Time); 14,000
in Romania (1982); 250,000 in Yugoslavia (1982); 3,000 in Iraq (1990);
2,570 in Iran; 24,123 in USA (1970 census); 8,863 in Canada (1974 govt.
statistics); 135,000 in France (1984 Time); 150,000 in Netherlands (1984
Time); 5,000 in Sweden (1988); 56,000,000 total (1991 WA)
- Bible printings
- 1827-1941
- New Testament printings
- 1819-in press (1991)
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1782-1985
- Remarks
- Danubian is western; other dialects are eastern. Roman
script now used
- Grammar typology
- SOV
- Total speakers
- 56,000,000
- Religion
- Muslim
- Also in
- Uzbekistan, Iran, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, USA, Canada,
Germany, Belgium, Sweden, France, Netherlands, Romania, Yugo- slavia, Tajikistan,
Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kyrghyzstan, Iraq
