CRIMEAN TURKISH
- Country
- Ukraine, Uzbekistan
- Language code
- CRH
- Continent
- Asia
- Alternate language names
- CRIMEAN TATAR
- Dialect names
- NORTHERN CRIMEAN (CRIMEAN NOGAI, STEPPE CRIMEAN), CENTRAL
CRIMEAN, SOUTHERN CRIMEAN
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Removed from southern shore of Crimean Peninsula to Uzbekistan
in 1944. Returned 250.000 persons end of 1996, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey.
Some in USA
- Population
- 250.000 returned from Uzbekistan to Ukraine(end 1996)
268,793 in Uzbekistan (1989 census); 25,000 in Romania (1982 estimate);
6,000 in Bulgaria (1990); 300,000 total or more. Estimates of more than
1,000,000
- New Testament printings
- 1666-1825
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1659-1986
- Status
- Work in progress
- Remarks
- The census counted them with the Tatar, but the languages
are distinct. A literary language. Cyrillic script
- Total speakers
- 300,000 or more
- Religion
- Muslim
- Also in
- Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, USA, Ukraine
JUDEO-CRIMEAN TATAR (Uzbekistan)
- Country
- Uzbekistan
- Language code
- JCT
- Continent
- Asia
- Alternate language names
- JUDEO-CRIMEAN TURKISH
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Uzbekistan (most), Georgia, Kazakhstan
- Status
- Needs survey
- Remarks
- There may only be older speakers now
- Religion
- Jewish
- Also in
- Georgia, Kazakhstan
KARAIM (Lithuania)
- Country
- Lithuania
- Language code
- KDR
- Continent
- Europe
- Alternate language names
- KARAITE
- Dialect names
- EASTERN KARAIM, NORTHWESTERN KARAIM, TRAKAY, GALITS
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Lithuania and southwest Ukraine, small communi- ties
in the Crimean Peninsula, city of Galiche
- Population
- 535 mother tongue speakers (16%) out of an ethnic population
of 3,340 (1979 census)
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1819-1889
- Remarks
- Close to Karachay and Kumyk. A literary language. Cyrillic
and Hebrew scripts. National language of the Karaim
- Total speakers
- 535
- Religion
- Jewish
- Also in
- Ukraine
KARACHAY-BALKAR (Russia, Europe)
- Country
- Russia, Europe
- Language code
- KRC
- Continent
- Europe
- Alternate language names
- KARACHAY, KARACHAI, KARACHAYLA, KARACHAITSY, KARACAYLAR
- Dialect names
- BALKAR, KARACHAY
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Karachi-Cherkess AO. Some in USA
- Population
- 191,000 mother tongue speakers (97%) out of an ethnic
population of 197,000 including 131,000 Karachay, 66,000 Balkar (1979 census)
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1978
- Status
- Work in progress
- Remarks
- As a literary language a common Kar- achay-Balkar language
was created. Balkar and Karachay are almost identical. Cyrillic alphabet
- Total speakers
- 191,000
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim
- Also in
- USA
KUMYK (Russia, Europe)
- Country
- Russia, Europe
- Language code
- KSK
- Continent
- Europe
- Alternate language names
- KUMUK, KUMUKLAR, KUMYKI
- Dialect names
- KHASAV-YURT, BUINAK, KHAIDAK
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Ponto-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Southern Dagestan ASSR. Also Turkey, USA
- Population
- 189,000 in Russia (1970 census)
- Bilingual in
- Russian
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1888-1897
- Remarks
- Dialects are apparently quite divergent. Has literary
status. Cyrillic script. Different from the Kumux dialect of Lak. Speakers
use Russian as second language. Education is in Russian
- Total speakers
- 189,000 or more
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim
- Also in
- USA,Turkey
NOGAI (Russia, Europe)
- Country
- Russia, Europe
- Language code
- NOG
- Continent
- Europe
- Alternate language names
- NOGAY, NOGHAY, NOGHAI, NOGHAY- LAR, NOGAITSY, NOGALAR
- Dialect names
- WHITE NOGAI (AK), BLACK NOGAI (KARA), CENTRAL NOGAI
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Northern Caucasus, Cherkes AO
- Population
- 54,000 mother tongue speakers (90%) out of an ethnic
population of 60,000 (1979 census)
- Bilingual in
- Russian
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- Yes
- Remarks
- The literary language is based on White Nogai, Black
Nogai, and Central Nogai. Dialect differences are slight. Cyrillic script.
Speakers use Russian as second language
- Total speakers
- 54,000
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim
KARAKALPAK (Uzbekistan)
- Country
- Uzbekistan
- Language code
- KAC
- Continent
- Asia
- Alternate language names
- KARAKLOBUK, TCHORNY, KLOBOUKI
- Dialect names
- NORTHEASTERN KARAKALPAK, SOUTHEAS- TERN KARAKALPAK
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Karakalpak ASSR, Uzbekistan, along the lower Amu Darya
and around the southern part of the Aral Sea
- Population
- 293,000 mother tongue speakers (96%) out of an ethnic
population of 303,000 in Uzbekistan (1979 census); 2,000 in Afghanistan;
295,000 total
- Bilingual in
- Uzbek, Russian
- Remarks
- It has literary status; some literature. Cyrillic script.
Speakers use Uzbek or Russian as second language
- Subsistence type
- Fishermen in Aral Sea, agricul- turalists, craftsmen
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim
- Total speakers
- 295,000
- Also in Afghanistan
KAZAKH (Kazakhstan)
- Country
- Kazakhstan
- Language code
- KAZ
- Continent
- Asia
- Alternate language names
- KAZAK, KAISAK, KOSACH, QAZAQ
- Dialect names
- NORTHEASTERN KAZAKH, SOUTHERN KAZAKH, WESTERN KAZAKH
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic,Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Kazakhstan, northern Soviet Middle Asia and into western
Siberia. Also in Germany
- Population
- 6,556,000 in Kazakhstan (1979 cen- sus), 98% speak
it as mother tongue; 1,111,718 in China (1990); 100,000 in Mongolia (1991);
3,000 in Iran (1982); 2,000 in Afghanistan; 600 or more in Turkey (1982);
8,000,000 total or more (1990 IBT)
- Bilingual in
- Russian, Uzbek
- New Testament printings
- 1820-1910
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1818-1989
- Status
- Work in progress
- Remarks
- Cyrillic script. Minor dialect differen- ces. Increasing
ethnic pride and feelings of Islamic brotherhood. Increasing education
in Kazakh. Many speak Russian as second language. Semi-nomadic. The names
'Eastern Kirghiz' and 'Western Kirghiz' have been erroneously applied to
Kazakh. Radio pro- grams
- Subsistence type
- Traditionally pastoralists, now agriculturalists,
industrialists
- Grammar typology
- SOV
- Radio use
- Yes
- Total speakers
- 8,000,000 or more
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim
- Also in
- Afghanistan, China, Iran, Turkey, Mong- olia, Germany,
Russia
KIRGHIZ (Kyrghyzstan)
- Country
- Kyrghyzstan
- Language code
- KDO
- Continent
- Asia
- Alternate language names
- KARA-KIRGIZ, KIRGIZ
- Dialect names
- NORTHERN KIRGIZ, SOUTHERN KIRGIZ
- Genetic affiliation
- Altaic, Turkic, Western, Aralo-Caspian
- Geographical region
- Kyrghyzstan, and in the mountains of surrounding republics
of the former USSR
- Population
- 1,906,000 in Kyrghyzstan (1979 cen- sus), 98% speak
it as mother tongue; 141,549 in China (1990 census); 500 in Afghanistan;
1,137 in Turkey (1982); 2,049,200 total
- Bilingual in
- Russian
- New Testament printings
- in press (1990)
- Printings of whole books of Bible
- 1982-1987
- Remarks
- Has status of literary language. Cyril- lic script.
Increasing education. Increasing feelings of Islamic brotherhood. The names
'Eastern Kirghiz' and 'Western Kirghiz' have been erroneously applied to
Kazakh. Newspapers, books, radio programs, TV, theaters, films, schools
in Kirghiz. 29% speak Russian as second language
- Geological type
- Mountain slope
- Newspapers
- Yes
- Radio use
- Yes
- Total speakers
- 2,049,200
- Religion
- Sunni Muslim, some Lamaism
- Also in
- China, Afghanistan, Turkey, Kazakhstan,Tajikistan
